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Employment instability among younger workers

Young people typically experience difficulty finding their way into career employment in the aftermath of recession ... Show more
Young people typically experience difficulty finding their way into career employment in the aftermath of recessions. The 2008 economic downturn is no exception, as young adults bore a disproportionate share of job losses (Gilmore and LaRochelle-Cote, 2009; Fong, 2012), and the demand for youth labour did not pick up after the recovery. The protracted period of weak demand that followed the downturn raises the possibility of a growing pool of youth who may have trouble finding stable employment that matches their qualifications and allows them to make the transition into productive adulthood. The issue is especially important for recent labour market entrants, since early career unemployment may have long-lasting effects on labour market outcomes (Kahn, 2010a; Oreopoulos, von Wachter and Heisz, 2006). Part-time or temporary jobs may be a stepping stone toward a better job, and they are sometimes the only alternative for youth, given the lack of opportunities in the labour market - particularly when they have little experience or qualifications (Kapsalis and Tourigny, 2004). In view of the above, Human Resources and Skills Development Canada has worked with Statistics Canada to develop a statistical definition to quantify the number of young adults who may be experiencing difficulty finding stable employment, and to identify the factors most likely to be associated with such a situation. The paper begins by explaining the definition that was used to generate an estimate of the number of youth experiencing employment instability over a two-year period. It then provides information on the number and characteristics of youth in this state during the period from 2007 to 2009, including a model that controls for many characteristics simultaneously. The report concludes by examining how employment instability relates to another concept that identifies at-risk youth - those who are not in employment, education or training (commonly referred to as NEET).
Edited excerpt from publication. Show less

Authors: LaRochelle-Cote, Sebastien

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: North America; Canada

Resource type: Government report or paper

Subjects: Youth; Employment; Statistics ... [+] Show more
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Self-employment in the downturn

During the recent employment downturn, self-employment was one source of employment growth. This article uses data ... Show more
During the recent employment downturn, self-employment was one source of employment growth. This article uses data from the Labour Force Survey to examine the sources and characteristics of the recent increase in self-employment, the dynamics of entry into and exit out of self-employment, and to assess the extent to which those who lost paid jobs early in the recession might account for the subsequent surge in self-employment.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: LaRochelle-Cote, Sebastien

Corporate authors: Statistics Canada

Date: 2010

Geographic subjects: North America; Canada

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Perspectives on labour and income

Subjects: Statistics; Research; Employment ... [+] Show more
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International differences in low-paid work

Like the United States and the United Kingdom, Canada has a higher proportion of low-paid jobs than Australia and m ... Show more
Like the United States and the United Kingdom, Canada has a higher proportion of low-paid jobs than Australia and most countries in continental Europe. While the differences with continental Europe highlight different approaches to the labour market, the much lower rate of low-paid work in Australia is more puzzling since that country shares many similarities with Canada. Differences in wage-setting mechanisms appear to play a role in explaining the disparity in rates of low-paid jobs.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: LaRochelle-Cote, Sebastien; Dionne, Claude

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: North America; Oceania; Europe ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Perspectives on labour and income

Subjects: Employment; Income; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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Overqualification among recent university graduates in Canada

Between 1991 and 2011, the share of young people with a university degree increased significantly, as did the share ... Show more
Between 1991 and 2011, the share of young people with a university degree increased significantly, as did the share of young workers employed in professional occupations. Nevertheless, many young university degree holders could still be considered 'overqualified' - working in occupations requiring lower levels of education. In this article, changes in overqualification among young graduates are examined over the period from 1991 to 2011.
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Authors: Uppal, Sharanjit; LaRochelle-Cote, Sebastien

Date: 2014

Geographic subjects: Canada; North America

Resource type: Government report or paper

Series name: Insights on Canadian society

Subjects: Students; Employment; Statistics ... [+] Show more
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Changes in the occupational profile of young men and women in Canada

Between 1991 and 2011, the proportion of employed people aged 25 to 34 with a university degree rose from 19 per ce ... Show more
Between 1991 and 2011, the proportion of employed people aged 25 to 34 with a university degree rose from 19 per cent to 40 per cent among women, and from 17 per cent to 27 per cent among men. Given the increase in the proportion of university graduates, did the occupational profile of young workers change over the period? This article examines long-term changes in the occupation profiles of young men and women, for both those who did and did not have a university degree. Changes in the share of women employed in these occupations are also examined.
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Authors: Uppal, Sharanjit; LaRochelle-Cote, Sebastien

Date: 2014

Geographic subjects: North America; Canada

Resource type: Government report or paper

Series name: Insights on Canadian society

Subjects: Gender; Employment; Students ... [+] Show more
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The Canada-US gap in women's labour market participation

This study reports on the trends in the labour force participation rate (LFPR) of prime-aged women (25 to 54) in bo ... Show more
This study reports on the trends in the labour force participation rate (LFPR) of prime-aged women (25 to 54) in both Canada and the US. The paper examines the population groups that have been behind the rising divergence in the LFPR between the two countries over the past two decades. Key points are: (1) in 1997, the LFPRs of women aged 25 to 54 in Canada and in the US were close, at 76 per cent and 77 per cent respectively. In 2015, the LFPR of women aged 25 to 54 was 81 per cent in Canada, compared with 74 per cent in the US, a gap of seven percentage points; (2) in the US, the LFPR declined by almost three percentage points between 1997 and 2015 - mainly as a result of a decline in the LFPR of younger women (aged 25 to 44); (3) in Canada, the LFPR increased by five percentage points over the same period. The increase was mainly the result of an increase in the LFPR of women aged 45 to 54; (4) in Canada, rising levels of educational attainment explained the entire increase in the LFPR of women aged 25 to 44 and about one-third of the increase in the LFPR of women aged 45 to 54. In the US, without the positive contribution of rising educational attainment, the female LFPR would have declined even more over the period; and (5) in both countries, there has been a reduction in the male-female gap in participation rates. In Canada, the reduction mostly came from increases in the LFPR of women. In the US, the reduction largely came from a reduction in the LFPR of men. Show less

Authors: Drolet, Marie; LaRochelle-Cote, Sebastien; Uppal, Sharanjit

Date: 2016

Geographic subjects: Canada; United States; North America

Resource type: Government report or paper

Series name: Insights on Canadian society

Subjects: Gender; Participation; Outcomes ... [+] Show more
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Employment changes across industries during the downturn and recovery

This study examines employment variations across industries during the recent labour market downturn and subsequent ... Show more
This study examines employment variations across industries during the recent labour market downturn and subsequent recovery, and examines the sectors that have been drivers of job growth since employment came back to pre-downturn levels.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Uppal, Sharanjit; LaRochelle-Cote, Sebastien

Date: 2013

Geographic subjects: Canada; North America

Resource type: Government report or paper

Series name: Insights on Canadian society

Subjects: Economics; Employment; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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Canada's employment downturn

The Canadian labour market recently experienced its worst downturn since the recession of the early 1990s. Since em ... Show more
The Canadian labour market recently experienced its worst downturn since the recession of the early 1990s. Since employment last peaked in October 2008, employment declined by 2.3 per cent, or 400,000 individuals. This article uses data from the Labour Force Survey to examine variations in employment levels from October 2008 to October 2009 across a variety of personal and job characteristics. Comparisons are also made with earlier recessions and the [United States] US labour market.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: LaRochelle-Cote, Sebastien; Gilmore, Jason

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: North America; Canada; United States

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Perspectives on labour and income

Subjects: Youth; Qualifications; Demographics ... [+] Show more
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Family work patterns

Women's labour market participation has increased substantially over recent decades, creating challenges for famili ... Show more
Women's labour market participation has increased substantially over recent decades, creating challenges for families in balancing work-life responsibilities. The examination of family work patterns revealed significant differences in annual hours of work between families with and those without children.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: LaRochelle-Cote, Sebastien; Dionne, Claude

Date: 2009

Geographic subjects: North America; Canada

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Perspectives on labour and income

Subjects: Demographics; Gender; Research ... [+] Show more
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Women in scientific occupations in Canada

This article provides information on women aged 25 to 64 in natural and applied sciences occupations in Canada (i.e ... Show more
This article provides information on women aged 25 to 64 in natural and applied sciences occupations in Canada (i.e. scientific occupations), using data from the 1991 and 2001 censuses and the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS). The employment conditions of men and women in these occupations are also examined, based on data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS). Key findings include: from 1991 to 2011, the proportion of women in scientific occupations requiring a university education rose from 18 per cent to 23 per cent, and from 14 per cent to 21 per cent in scientific occupations requiring a college education; during the same period, the proportion of women in non-scientific occupations requiring a university education increased from 59 per cent to 65 per cent, and from 41 per cent to 44 per cent in non-scientific occupations requiring a college education; between 1991 and 2011, women accounted for 27 per cent of the growth in the number of workers in university-level scientific occupations, but for 75 per cent of the growth in the number of workers in university-level non-scientific occupations; computer science accounted for 60 per cent of the increase in the number of workers in scientific occupations requiring a university education - the smaller contribution of women to the overall increase in the number of scientific workers is related to the fact that they accounted for a smaller share of workers in computer science occupations; workers in scientific occupations generally have better employment conditions - on average, men working full-time earned nine per cent more than their female counterparts in both scientific and non-scientific occupations.
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Authors: Dionne-Simard, Dominique; Galarneau, Diane; LaRochelle-Cote, Sebastien

Date: 2016

Geographic subjects: Canada; North America

Resource type: Government report or paper

Series name: Insights on Canadian society

Subjects: Employment; Qualifications; Gender ... [+] Show more

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